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ABSTRACT Climate‐induced range shifts may displace species into novel habitats where their life history characteristics may differ in response to new physiological conditions. One such species is the mangrove tree crab,Aratus pisonii, that has expanded beyond mangrove habitats into salt marshes, with the help of anthropogenic structures such as boat docks that mimic its natural habitat in many ways. Individuals in the salt marsh grow to smaller sizes and have different reproductive patterns than individuals in the native mangrove or in boat dock habitats. We examined the metabolic rates of crabs associated with each of these three habitats to determine whether changes in energy expenditure could account for the life history changes that have been documented. We found that the metabolic patterns were similar in the three habitats, with metabolic rate increasing with body size and with temperature, being higher for females than for males and increasing during reproduction. However, once these factors were accounted for, there was no additional difference in metabolic patterns between habitats. Combining these patterns with known patterns of temperature differences and differences in food intake between the mangrove, salt marsh, and boat docks provides mechanistic insight into the energy mismatch that has been created by this range expansion from mangroves to salt marshes. The energy dynamics in these different habitats are consistent with and are capable of explaining the observed patterns of life history variation that accompany this range expansion. Our study provides an example of a mechanistic approach to understanding the influence of climate change and associated range shifts on life history variation across habitat types. 

We have rationally designed and synthesized a library of phosphaquinolinone derivatives containing various electron-donating and -withdrawing groups on two positions of the scaffold. Distinct trends are observed between the substituents on R 1 and R 2 with both the photophysical properties of the molecules and their dimerization strengths. With withdrawing groups upon the scaffold, dimerization constants surpass 500 M −1 in H 2 O-saturated CDCl 3 . Computational studies on the dimeric structures corroborate the experimental findings.